Asperger’s syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder, currently classified as an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is characterized by m.in. narrow interests and problems in social communication, which often go hand in hand with high intelligence. The first symptoms may be noticeable between the first and second year of life, and the diagnosis is most often made in children of preschool and school age.
Symptoms of Asperger’s syndrome
In young children, Asperger’s syndrome manifests itself:
- poor eye contact,
- reluctance to hug,
- poor response to stimuli,
- weakening of babbling.
In children between the ages of two and three, speech difficulties can be noticed, while in preschool age there are problems in social contacts. A child may not try to start a relationship at all, or do it in the wrong way, such as biting or sniffing.
At school age, Asperger’s syndrome is characterized by an impaired ability to establish and maintain contacts. Some children have specific interests and are the ones they pay the most attention to.
Causes and treatment of Asperger’s syndrome
The causes of the disorder are not yet fully understood, but it is most often assumed that its development is influenced by both genetic and biological factors (such as infections), prenatal (including the age of the parents) and psychogenic (e.g. experiencing severe anxiety).
Asperger’s syndrome – like other autism spectrum disorders – cannot be cured. However, psychotherapy and, if necessary, pharmacotherapy can significantly improve the quality of life. Psychotherapy focuses on changing abnormal patterns of thinking and behavior and on improving social functioning. Psychoeducation of the whole family also plays an important role, which allows for a better understanding of the needs of a child with Asperger’s syndrome.