- About social norms
The IPSK method is based on the assumption that the system and social structure from which the patient comes is of great importance. On the basis of the understanding of social norms, it is also possible to understand disorders arising on the basis of functioning among people living according to antisocial or criminal norms.
We distinguish the following social norms:
- Pro-health/pro-social standard,
- Anti-social norm,
- Criminal norm.
The pro-health/pro-social standard is an important point of reference, bringing together both donors and recipients, who, by exploiting resources, also give them the opportunity to reproduce them or generate new ones. This is not a norm that can be implemented in an ideal way, but it is necessary to strictly respect its limits in every social group.
In a sense, everyone knows what this norm is, but it is not implemented in a complete way by the whole group. He is at the top of the hierarchy and requires knowledge of each of the norms – without it, he may not be able to defend himself. It requires a lot of social awareness.
The anti-social norm is the most popular. It assumes being a recipient and exploiting resources in a more or less devastating way, and often also acceptable to some extent by a given group.
The criminal standard assumes the complete devastation of resources and seizure for their exploitation. Here, too, as in the case of the pro-health standard, there are donors and recipients. Their unconscious aspiration seems to be to expand antisocial norms.
Due to the fact that the pro-social/pro-health norm is internalized individually in each person and at each social level (as well as in a group), the hierarchy and social structure, despite the changing dynamics, is relatively constant.
- Personalities after trauma
For the purposes of the IPSK method, I distinguish:
- Dissociative personality
It is the structure of a person who, as a result of trauma, oscillates around psychotic sensations. It assumes sensitivity to stimuli, avoidance of violent people, creativity, selectivity towards relationships, striving to increase one’s advantage so as not to be a victim. It functions within the “fight, flight, paralyze” scheme (dissociation, i.e. to use a positive connotation: endure)
- Addictive personality
It is a structure of a person who often had some diseases or injuries as a child, especially on a nervous or biochemical basis. He cannot cope with tensions and seeks their reduction in psychoactive substances or behavioral addictions. It has a very low threshold for withstanding frustration. The function is “flee, paralysis (endure)”, “fight without conscious participation”.
- Suicidal personality
(In Poland, this topic was dealt with more extensively by Andrzej Polewka, MD, PhD).
In terms of the IPSK Method, the structure of such a personality assumes suicide as a tension reducer and a way to function in a group. Such a person sticks to the romantic vision from adolescence that suicide is the end of suffering or humiliation (life and the demands of life are often treated as humiliation and suffering).
They can also be people who have not had a good reflection from their parents as a result of their death or abandonment and have yet to learn that life also exists outside of the relationship. Relationships are the most important factor of development for these people and the most serious threat to self-development.
- Spiritual personality
It is the structure of a person who does not try to look for himself in any of the norms because he was too dependent on them. Mainly, these could be antisocial or criminal norms, and the form of survival was the splitting and distortion of reality.
- A seemingly adapted personality
It is a structure of a person who has the ease of building social relationships, but they are apparent and goal-oriented. It assumes manipulation in order to survive on its own and in the social group to which it is closest to it. It is built on the fear of loneliness, social helplessness and individual and social responsibility.
Each of the above-mentioned personalities assumes the dissociative element as a form of survival. The direction of treatment is to increase the effectiveness of activities towards the implementation of pro-social/pro-health norms and awareness of one’s limitations. Of course, these personalities can coexist with each other, overlap or change at different stages of life.
The element of self-destruction is actually certain in each of the above-mentioned personalities, but treated as an expression of helplessness and the need to reduce tension, while there is no glorification of suffering. There is also an important need for recovery.
I cordially invite you
Paulina Kubś, MA
Interventional Systemic and Cultural Psychotherapy Clinic.
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