Psychotic disorders are diseases in which there is a loss of contact with reality. They are characterized by delusions and hallucinations, as well as difficulties in logical thinking. Their causes are complex, and treatment requires a combination of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy.
Types of psychotic disorders
Psychotic disorders include:
- Schizophrenia – a chronic disease, characterized by severe disorders of perception, thought and behavior. The exact course depends on the type of schizophrenia. In paranoid schizophrenia, persecutory delusions are characteristic, in simple isolation from the environment, and in catatonic schizophrenia, interweaving moments of arousal and freezing in one position.
- Schizoaffective disorder – the symptoms are similar to schizophrenia, and in addition, there are mood disorders.
- Reactive psychoses – short-term psychotic disorders, most often resulting from very strong stress.
- Exogenous psychoses – disorders caused by the use of psychoactive substances, head injury or illness.
Causes and treatment of psychotic disorders
The development of psychotic disorders is influenced by:
- biological factors – genetics, neurotransmitter imbalances, brain damage,
- psychological factors – traumatic events and stress,
- use of psychoactive substances,
- social isolation.
A complete cure is not always possible, but proper therapy allows you to lead a satisfying life. During psychotherapy, the patient learns to cope with delusions and hallucinations, which makes it possible to regain control over himself.
An important role is played by the support of relatives who can benefit from psychoeducation or family therapy. Pharmacotherapy mainly uses antipsychotics, and sometimes also antidepressants and anxiolytics.